Cloud computing is not a new technology, but a new way of providing resources for data processing.
云计算不是一项新技术，而是一种为数据处理提供资源的新方式。
Cloud computing services range from data storage and processing to software such as email processing. Such services are non-binding and available on demand.
云计算服务的范围从数据存储和处理到电子邮件处理等软件。这样的服务是不受约束的，可以按需提供。
As we are in a time of austerity, many companies are opting for predictable running costs rather than long-term, uncertain investments. With rapid innovation cycles and high costs, this new business model for data processing found fertile ground and is expanding worldwide.
由于我们正处于紧缩时期，许多公司选择可预测的运营成本，而不是长期的、不确定的投资。随着快速的创新周期和高成本，这种新的数据处理商业模式找到了肥沃的土壤，并在全球范围内扩展。
The German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) defines cloud computing as follows:
德国联邦信息安全办公室(BSI)对云计算的定义如下:
"Cloud computing is a model that makes it possible,
on demand,
按需
anytime, anywhere and conveniently via a network
随时随地、方便地通过网络
to access a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage systems, applications and services),
访问可配置计算资源(例如网络、服务器、存储系统、应用程序和服务)的共享池
that can be rapidly provisioned and with minimal management effort or service provider interaction“.
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可以快速供应，并且只需最少的管理工作或与服务提供商的交互”。
It is useful to initially think of a "cloud" first as a data centre, i.e. a third-party data centre. However, a regulated company has the same responsibility for the compliant operation of computerised systems as it does in its own data centre – only now the infrastructure and data are located elsewhere.
首先将“云”视为数据中心(即第三方数据中心)是有用的。然而，一家受监管的公司对计算机化系统的合规操作负有与在自己的数据中心一样的责任—只是现在基础设施和数据位于其他地方。
In principle, the control or management of the data is entrusted to the cloud provider, while the responsibility remains with the pharmaceutical manufacturer. From the perspective of a GMP regulated company, this immediately raises questions about:
原则上，数据的控制或管理委托给云服务提供商，而责任仍由制药商承担。从一家受GMP监管的公司的角度来看，这引发了以下问题：
data security,
数据安全
data availability and
数据可用性
data integrity.
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Cloud models 云模型
The type of software provision distinguishes between different types of cloud. Common models are:
软件供应的类型区分了不同类型的云。常见的模型如下：
Public Cloud
公共云
Community Cloud
社区云
Private Cloud
私有云
Virtual Private Cloud
虚拟私有云
Hybrid Cloud
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Service models 服务模型
Then there is the type of service model, and this is where things get a bit complicated. Let me just pick out the most common acronyms:
然后是服务模型的类型，这是事情变得有点复杂的地方。让我挑出最常见的缩写:
IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
IaaS——基础设施即服务
This is a computer infrastructure that is provided and managed via the Internet. Companies utilise the computing capacities and pay for the use of the computing power.
这是一种通过Internet提供和管理的计算机基础设施。制药公司使用计算能力并支付使用计算能力的费用。
PaaS – Platform as a Service
PaaS——平台即服务
Here, the company rents a complete operating system or a development environment. The customer is responsible for the applications running on it.
在这里，制药公司租用一个完整的操作系统或开发环境。制药公司对在其上运行的应用程序负责。
SaaS – Software as a Service
SaaS——软件即服务
Finally, the user company is only responsible for the customer-specific data and access. Many people are familiar with this from SAP or accounting programmes.
最后，制药公司只负责用户特定的数据和访问。许多人从SAP或会计课程中熟悉这一点。
As you can see, things were different 10 years ago, and software often even had to be installed on a PC in the company. Today and in the future, we will only access the resources provided. This is also called division of labour – why should a pharmaceutical company be so deeply involved in IT issues when its core competency is drug production?
正如你所看到的，10年前的情况是不同的，软件甚至经常必须安装在公司的个人电脑上。在今天和将来，我们只会使用所提供的资源。这也被称为劳动分工——当一家制药公司的核心竞争力是药品生产时，为什么要如此深入地参与IT问题?
Cloud-based services are used extensively in private areas (social media, online shopping) and are widely used in retail, banking, entertainment, etc.
基于云的服务广泛应用于私人领域(社交媒体、网上购物)，并广泛应用于零售、银行、娱乐等领域。
These are seen as advantages:
Cost savings
节约成本
Speed
速度
Flexibility
灵活性
Security
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On the other hand, there are disadvantages that can arise in unfavourable cases:
However, it is important to remember that when companies decide to keep all applications and data in-house, most of these risks are still present and need to be managed with in-house expertise.
然而，重要的是要记住，当公司决定将所有应用程序和数据保留在内部时，这些风险中的大多数仍然存在，需要由内部专家来管理。
Professional cloud services already cover these risks.
Expertise is always a key factor in the decision to outsource or insource. How much does external or internal expertise cost? The premise of division of labour also applies here.
在决定外包还是内包时，专业知识总是一个关键因素。外部或内部专家的成本是多少?分工的前提也适用于此。
撰稿人 | GMP-Verlag Peither AG
责任编辑 | 胡静
审核人 | 何发
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